Evolution of Immunotherapy Strategies in Modern Medicine

Abstract

Over the last decade, developments bettering the understanding of the immune system and its components have allowed for impressive advancements in treatment practices. Multiple treatments have come about to slow the progression of cancer and others to the immune system. PD1-PDL-1 inhibitors are thought to possess an important component due to its immunomodulatory properties. The inhibitors act on pathways included in the adaptive immune system. An inhibitory effect acts on the interactions of the surface membrane receptors on the antigen presenting cells or T- lymphocytes. Antigens are presented to the T memory cells; the cells are then activated. The cells expand into effector and memory cells. The cells recognize antigens and T cells kill infected cells. Sometimes this response can be dampened. For example, tumor cells have certain properties that provide them with the ability to escape T cells. These types of cells can also suppress the immune system and produce a invalid interpretation of tumor antigens. The cells release immunosuppressive elements that create difficulties in regulation of foreign antigens.