Synthetically Altering the Genetic Code

Abstract

All organisms on earth have the same genetic code. They all have the same twenty proteins that are formed from the same amino acids that are derived from the same nucleotides and they all perform these operations in a very similar manner. These twenty proteins are used to provide energy for almost every cellular process that takes place within an organism. Although seemingly impossible, scientific advances have discovered a way to insert synthetic proteins into tRNAs in vitro. With these advances scientists are able to go beyond the normal twenty proteins in order to discover more about the genome of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.