Healing the Heart with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have emerged as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease with and unprecedented about of opportunities for growth. This paper revies the cardioprotective efficacy and clinical potentials of mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes (MSC-Exos). Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have shown key pieces and functional properties not unlike their parent cell the mesenchymal stem cell. These properties include regulation of cell health and viability, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) mitigate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and many more heart conditions in preclinical trials and models. Compared to stem cells, mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have advantages of lower immune recognition and their cardioprotective effects can be further enhanced with the use of a multitude of different administration tools. The paper discusses local and systemic delivery strategies along with other bioengineered approaches to improve retention and targeting. Ongoing studies are focused on elucidating molecular mechanisms, scaling production, developing cardiac-specific targeting moieties, and testing safety and efficacy in large animal models. While significant progress has been made in demonstrating the therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos for cardiac repair, clinical translation remains limited owing to gaps in understanding therapeutic dosing, biodistribution, optimizing delivery vehicles, and long-term impact in humans. Addressing these limitations through multi-disciplinary efforts can pave the way for harnessing the potential power of exosomes. Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have the potential to be a very viable therapy for a variety of heart conditions in the future.